TOURISM || CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM || PRODUCT || TOURISM PRODUCT

★ Tourism :-

       Tourism is the temporary displacement or movement of people from one place to another for different purpose such as business , entertainment , sports , health , etc. staying there (at the destination) for at least 24 hours participating in various tourist activities and finally coming back to the place of origin after spending the monetary value as per the services used at a destination rather than engaged in earning .

* Basic Conditions :           

     1). Temporary displacement 

        2). Stay at least for 24 hours

            3). Origin point and Destination point

               4). Participate in various tourist activities

                  5). Different purpose

                     6). Spending money

                        7). Not to engaged in earning

* Nature / Feature & Characteristics of Tourism :

       • Intangible Product

       • Perishability 

       • Variability

       • Non - Ownership

       • Non - Separability

       • Composite Product

       • No Sampling

       • Smokeless Sector

       • Glamorous Field

       • High Investment

       • Seasonal Industry 

       • Service Industry

• Intangible Product -

       Tourism product is an intangible product which can not be seen or to which we can not touch rather we can only felt it . So, whenever we involve in any tourist activity and any particular tourist destination then we get intangible thing from that activity which can be known as experience and that can enough for all level of satisfaction , either we will be satisfied or dissatisfied . So that experience can not be seen , we are only experiencing that experience .
For example ~ If a tourist travel to Nainital he/she will involve in various tourist activities such as tracking , boating , sightseeing , etc. all these type of experience /intangible things will last long on the mind of a tourist .

• Perishability -

        Tourism can also be defined as perishable product . Perishability means the product which can not be stored for a very long time , so tourism product can not be stored for a very long time .
For example ~ If we are in a hotel which contain 100 rooms , out of these 100 rooms 80 rooms are sold out then in such case we can not store remaining 20 rooms for the next day rather the monetary value of remaining 20 rooms will be nill for that day and keeping in view this perishability feature , a traveler can get hotel rooms at very low rate when he arrives at the hotel later in the evening .

• Variability - 

       Tourism product is variable in nature which means it keeps on changing or we can say that tourism product is not homogeneous or we can say that it is heterogeneous in nature . So, this feature of tourism explains that whenever you participate in any tourist activity then each and every time you will get different experience, at one time you will be satisfied and the second time you will may not be satisfied .

• Non - Ownership -

       The another feature of tourism is that their is no ownership exist which means the ownership of tourism product can not be transferred .
For example ~ If you are traveling to Agra for watching Taj Mahal where you pay the entrance ticket fee for the Taj Mahal , then in such a case you are not becoming owner of the Taj Mahal but you have obtained the authority/permission to watch the Taj Mahal for a particular time duration whereas in case of normal consumer product you become the owner of the product once you make the full payment .

• Non - Separability -

       The another feature of tourism is non-separability or Inseparability which means it can not be separate from the tourist destination which means that if you want to participate in any tourist activity then you need to go to the particular tourist destination , without going to the place you can not participate in that particular tourist activity whereas, in case of normal product you can get the product at your place .

• Composite Product -

       Tourism is also considered as composite product, which means it is a combination of various components . Hence, tourism is also known as combination of  3A's, i.e., Attraction , Accessibility and Accommodation. Whereas when we are talking about any tourism product then it is the mixture of various components as well as arrangements, so at the time of conducting any tour you need to make arrangements for passport, visa , transport , accommodation , luggage , food and beverage , etc.

• No Sampling -

       The another characteristics of tourism is that sampling is not possible in the case of tourism product . If we look to another consumer product then we can easily take sample of that product before buying it but in case of tourism product we can not take the sample of tourism product such as hotel , airlines , food , etc. because of intangibility so under such a situation a tourist can get the help from social media , newspaper , magazines , news channels , travel blogs , videos from YouTube and opinion of traveler who has already travel to those places .

• Smokeless Sector -

       Tourism is also known as smokeless sector which means it do not generate smoke or pollution as compared to other industries . In case of tourism we are not manufacturing any product rather we are offering various type of services in the form of various travel arrangements such as airline ticket , railway booking , hotel reservation, sightseeing , etc. So if any product is not produce then there is no any question of generating smoke. 

• Glamorous Field -

       Tourism is also considered as glamorous sector where you are performing your job by involving yourself in the experience of traveling . Here you need to remain tip-top , professional , up-to-date and apart from this you are visiting 5-star hotels , various airlines and various tourist destination .

• High Investment -

       As we know that tourism is the combination of 3A's where you need to offer all the latest amenities to the tourists . You need to operate airlines , build hotels and for that purpose you need or required high investment . It is also known as capital intensive sector .

• Seasonal Industry -

       The another feature of tourism is that tourism is a seasonable sector , every tourist place has its own season there may be peak season when the demand is on higher side or there may be lean season when demand is very less .

For example ~ If you want to participate in winter sports then you require snowfall for that and snowfall takes place in winter months . If we talk about India then the peak season of India is from October - March whereas April - September is the lean season .

• Sensitive Industry -

       Tourism is also considered as sensitive industry which is affected by small - small incidents .

For example ~ Jammu and Kashmir is considered as paradise on Earth but due to of the terrorist activities very few number of tourists visit that place the reason behind that is people mostly travel to peaceful areas in order to get enjoyment .

• Service Industry -

       The another feature of tourism is that tourism is a service oriented sector where the role of service is very important . In case of tourism product intangibility exist which mean we can not see it or can not touch it so here whatever service is offered that will affect the experience level of the traveler .

★ Tourism Product :-

       Tourism product refer to all those facilities or services which are provided to tourist in exchange of some monetary benefit that might satisfy the need of the traveler . Some of the examples are airlines booking , transport booking , Railway booking , hotel reservation , passport and visa consultancy , cruise booking , guide , escort , sight seen , traveler insurance , etc.

*(Product is anything offer to the market for attention , retention and acquisition that might satisfy the needs the demands of a client and having tangible portion in it .)

* Types of Tourism Product :

          1). TOP's (Tourist Oriented Product)
             2). ROP's (Resident Oriented Product)
               3). BTP (Basic Tourism Product)

1). Tourist Oriented Product -

       Tourist Oriented Product refer to that product which is provided keeping in view the tourist . Here our main focus is upon tourist or we can say that it include all the superstructural facilities which are necessary for a tourist when he is travelling to any tourist destination . Tourist Oriented Product also also generate economic return for any economy . It includes hotels , motels , restaurants and other facilities which are important for a tourist , as we have discussed that TOP's is very important for a tourist but it doesn't mean that local resident will not use this product .

2). Resident Oriented Product -

       Resident Oriented Product refer to that product which is provided keeping in view the local resident which mean that this product is more important to local community but it is equally important for tourist also . A tourist can also use this type of product so while providing resident oriented product our main focus is upon local community . It include all the infrastructural facilities such as water , electricity , sewerage , roads , hospitals , telephone communication , etc.

3). Basic Tourist Product -

       It is the third type of tourism product which is considered as the most important typology of tourism product for the existence of tourism at any place so, BTP refer to all the attractions of any tourist destination . Basically attractions are the appeal of any destination which attract tourist to visit that place. It is also considered as the primary component of tourism for which a tourist is travelling only those places can be develop as tourist destination which are having attractions , if any place do not have any attraction then inspite of providing all the infrastructural or superstructural facilities we can not convert that places into a tourist destination . Basically attractions can be categorised into two categories ~ 

       » Natural Attraction :

       Natural attractions are those attractions which are the part of nature or which are gifted by God , it include mountains , hills , valley , rivers , lakes snowfall , waterfall , natural park , wildlife , etc.

       » Cultural Attractions :

        It is also known as man-made attractions . Cultural attractions are those attractions which are the part of culture . Some of the examples are art and architecture , monuments , fairs and festival , literature , etc.

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